2. a) C10H8 + HNO3 => alfa-nitronaftalina + H2O
b) toluen 3HNO3 => 2,4,6-trinitrotoluen( TNT) + 3H2O
c) C6H6 + Br2 => C6H5-Br + HBr
d) C6H5-CH3 + Cl2 => C6H5-CH2Cl + HCl
3. C6H6 + HNO3 => nitrobenzen + H2O
C6H6 + Cl2 => C6H5-Cl + HCl
a) A - C6H6 , B - C6H5-Cl
b) MC6H5-Cl = 112,5g/mol
%C = mC/M×100 = 72/112,5×100 = 64
%H = mH/M×100 = 5/112,5×100 = 4,44
%Cl = 31,5
c) MC6H6 = 78g/mol
n = m/M = 312/78 = 4 moli C6H6
n C6H6 = n HNO3 = 4 moli
md = 4×63 = 252g HNO3
C = md/ms×100 => ms = 25200/63 = 400g sol. amestec nitrant
d) 0,9×100 = 90L Cl2
pV = nRT => n = pV/RT = 1,23×90/0,082×300 = 4,5 moli Cl2
Am transformat t°C in °K:
T°K = 273+t°C = 273+27 = 300K
n Cl2 = n C6H6 = 4,5 moli
m C6H6 = 4,5×78 = 351g
